《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(7): 1225-1233

不同小分子有机物对烤烟生理特性、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响

任志广¹, 杨立均², 龚治翔¹, 赵佳佳², 黄海棠², 魏壮状¹, 许自成^1,*

¹河南农业大学烟草学院, 河南郑州450002; ²河南省烟草公司驻马店市公司, 河南驻马店463000

通信作者：许自成；E-mail: zichengxu@126.com

摘　要：

通过田间试验于烤烟打顶当天喷施不同小分子有机物(蔗糖、山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸), 研究小分子有机物对上部叶叶片开展、生理特性、碳氮代谢、品质等指标的影响。结果表明: 打顶后喷施小分子有机物能不同程度地促进上部烟叶开片, 增大上部叶叶面积。相比于对照, 小分子有机物可促进烤烟叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高; 各处理不同时期烟叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性要显著大于对照, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照; 同时喷施小分子有机物可明显增加烟叶中叶绿素含量, 然而只有甘氨酸处理的类胡萝卜素含量显著增加。各处理烟叶淀粉酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 硝酸还原酶呈现逐渐降低的趋势。不同处理不同时期酶活性均高于对照, 其中甘氨酸处理有效促进碳氮代谢, 蔗糖和葡萄糖酸钠有助于碳代谢, 山梨醇更有助于氮代谢。说明喷施不同小分子有机物能增强烟株碳氮代谢程度, 但不同处理间表现不尽一致。喷施不同小分子有机物可提高烟叶中总糖、还原糖、钾含量和糖碱比、钾氯比, 降低烟叶中总氮、烟碱、氯含量, 说明各处理可有效改善叶片内在化学成分的协调性, 提高烟叶品质。本试验条件下, 甘氨酸处理促进烟株生长、增强酶促保护系统、促进碳氮代谢及改善烟叶品质方面的效果最佳。

关键词：小分子有机物; 生理特性; 碳氮代谢; 品质

收稿：2017-01-14   修定：2017-06-25

资助：中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技攻关项目(20164117002-4100和201641170024099)。

Effects of different small molecular organics on physiological characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality of flue-cured tobacco

REN Zhi-Guang¹, YANG Li-Jun², GONG Zhi-Xiang¹, ZHAO Jia-Jia², HUANG Hai-Tang²,WEI Zhuang-Zhuang¹, XU Zi-Cheng^1,*

¹College of Tobacco Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ²Zhumadian Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China

Corresponding author: XU Zi-Cheng; E-mail: zichengxu@126.com

Abstract:

The effects of small molecular organic compounds on the leaf development, physiological characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by spraying different organic compounds (sucrose, sorbitol, sodium gluconate and glycine) on the day of topping. The results showed that, spraying different small molecule organic compounds could promote the opening of upper tobacco leaves and increase the area of tobacco leaves. Compared with the control, small molecular organic compounds could promote the antioxidant enzyme activities and the content of light and pigment in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those in control, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower than that in control. The contents of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves were increased by the treatments, but the content of carotenoids increased only by glycine treatment. The activities of amylase in tobacco leaves increased firstly and then decreased, and the nitrate reductase showed a decreasing trend. Glycine treatment promoted the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen. Sucrose and sodium gluconate were helpful for carbon metabolism, and sorbitol was more helpful to nitrogen metabolism in different treatments. The results showed that the spraying of different small molecule organiccompounds could enhance the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco, but the performance was not consistent with each other. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, sugar and nicotine, potassium to chlorine ratio, total nitrogen, nicotine and chlorine in tobacco leaves were increased by spraying different organic compounds, which indicated that the treatment could effectively improve the coordination of chemical components and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. In general, the growth and the physiological activities of flue-cured tobacco were affected by the spraying of small molecular organiccompounds. Under the experimental conditions, glycine treatment promoted tobacco growth, enhanced enzymatic protection system, promoted carbon and nitrogen metabolism and improved tobacco leaves quality.

Key words: small molecular organics; physiological characteristics; carbon and nitrogen metabolism; quality